Davy Lamp / 达维灯
The Davy Lamp is a safety lamp used in flammable atmospheres, such as coal mines.
戴维灯是一种用于易燃环境（如煤矿）的安全灯。
It was invented by the British engineer Humphry David in 1815.
它是由英国工程师汉弗莱·大卫 于 1815 年发明的。
The Davy lamp consists wick lamp with the flame enclosed a fine mesh screen.
戴维灯由灯芯灯组成，火焰封闭在细网罩中。
This lamp reduced the danger of explosions in mines due to the presence of methane.
这种灯降低了由于甲烷的存在而导致矿井爆炸的危险。
The presence of methane was a constant danger in coal mines all over the world.
甲烷的存在是世界各地煤矿的持续危险。
In the U.K., for example, there had been an explosion in 1835 in which 103 miners had died and in another incident in 1821, 52 miners had died.
例如，在英国，1835 年发生了一次爆炸，造成 103 名矿工死亡，在 1821 年的另一起事件中，有 52 名矿工死亡。
Humphry Davy was not the only person to address this problem.
汉弗莱·戴维并不是唯一解决这个问题的人。
George Stephenson, another British engineer who is known as the ‘Father of Railways’, also invented a similar lamp despite having no scientific understanding of the problem.
另一位被称为“铁路之父”的英国工程师乔治·斯蒂芬森也发明了一种类似的灯，尽管他对这个问题没有科学的了解。
One month before Davy’s demonstration of his lamp to the scientific community, George Stephenson successfully demonstrated his lamp to two witnesses down a coal mine.
在戴维向科学界演示他的灯的一个月前，乔治·斯蒂芬森成功地在煤矿下向两名证人演示了他的灯。
The difference between the two lamps was that Stevenson’s lamp used a perforated plate to allow air into the lamp whereas Davy’s lamp used wire-sieve around the flame.
这两种灯的区别在于，史蒂文森的灯使用多孔板让空气进入灯，而戴维的灯在火焰周围使用金属丝筛。
Both lamps allowed air into the lamp but prevented the flame moving outside the lamp and reacting with the methane in the air thus causing an explosion.
两盏灯都允许空气进入灯，但阻止了火焰移动到灯外并与空气中的甲烷发生反应，从而引起爆炸。
Davy initially received all the credit for his invention.
戴维最初因他的发明而受到了所有的赞誉。
He was given a medal and £2000 worth of silver.
他获得了一枚奖章和价值 2000 英镑的银币。
Later, a government committee decided that both engineers had independently invented a viable safety lamp.
后来，一个政府委员会决定，这两位工程师都独立发明了一种可行的安全灯。
George Stephenson was then awarded £1000 for his invention.
乔治·斯蒂芬森随后因其发明而获得 1000 英镑的奖励。
Humphry Davy refused to accept this decision.
汉弗莱·戴维拒绝接受这个决定。
For the rest of his life he claimed that George Stephenson had stolen his idea.
在他的余生中，他声称乔治·斯蒂芬森 （George Stephenson） 窃取了他的想法。
The Davy lamp became the most popular safety lamp used in mines across the world.
戴维灯成为世界各地矿山中最受欢迎的安全灯。
Despite the lamp’s popularity, it still had problems.
尽管这盏灯很受欢迎，但它仍然存在问题。
The wire screen could be easily damaged and the wire screen blocked a lot of the light.
丝网很容易损坏，而且丝网会挡住很多光线。
Some stupid miners continued to use candles alongside the safety lamp in order to have more light.
一些愚蠢的矿工继续在安全灯旁边使用蜡烛，以便获得更多光线。
Although Humphry Davy could have made a lot of money from his invention, he refused to patent the lamp, meaning that manufactures could produce the lamp without paying a license fee.
尽管汉弗莱·戴维本可以从他的发明中赚很多钱，但他拒绝为灯申请专利，这意味着制造商可以在不支付许可费的情况下生产这种灯。
The Davy lamp was used for many years in coal mines.
戴维灯在煤矿中使用了很多年。
However, it became redundant when new regulations on mine ventilation came into effect.
然而，当关于矿井通风的新法规生效时，它变得多余了。