Tudor History (1485 AD – 1603 AD)
都铎王朝历史（公元 1485 年 – 公元 1603 年）
From 1399 to 1649 two families battled for the right to wear the English crown. These families were called the ‘House of Lancaster’ and the ‘House of York’. The Tudor dynasty started when Henry VII (from the House of Lancaster) defeated the king Richard III (from the House of York) at the Battle of Bosworth.
从 1399 年到 1649 年，两个家族为佩戴英国王冠的权利而战。这些家族被称为“兰开斯特家族”和“约克家族”。都铎王朝始于亨利七世（来自兰开斯特家族）在博斯沃思战役中击败国王理查三世（来自约克家族）。
During this time England went through unprecedented upheaval. Major events of this time include:
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The unification of the Houses of Lancaster and York through marriage to end 85 years of civil war in England
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A peace treaty was secured between England and Scotland, again through marriage. Although the peace did not last, it set the foundation for the union of England and Scotland 100 years later
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England defies the authority of the Pope and the control of the catholic church. England then sets up its own protestant church
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England creates a powerful navy to protect itself against catholic France and Spain. Thus, a Spanish fleet of 130 ships is defeated when Spain tries to invade England in an attempt to install a catholic monarch on the English throne.
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England competes fiercely with other European countries to secure precious metals, sugar, tea, silks and spices from across the world. These activities bring great wealth to England and are supported by setting up trade agreements and colonies in other countries.
在此期间，英格兰经历了前所未有的动荡。这一时期的主要事件包括：
• 通过联姻统一兰开斯特家族和约克家族，结束英格兰 85 年的内战
• 英格兰和苏格兰之间再次通过联姻达成了和平条约。虽然和平并没有持续下去，但它为 100 年后英格兰和苏格兰的统一奠定了基础
• 英格兰公然反抗教皇的权威和天主教会的控制。然后，英格兰建立了自己的新教教会
• 英格兰建立了一支强大的海军，以保护自己免受天主教法国和西班牙的攻击。因此，当西班牙试图入侵英格兰以试图让一位天主教君主登上英国王位时，一支由 130 艘船组成的西班牙舰队被击败。
• 英国与其他欧洲国家激烈竞争，以从世界各地获得贵金属、糖、茶叶、丝绸和香料。这些活动为英格兰带来了巨大的财富，并得到了在其他国家建立贸易协定和殖民地的支持。