The Voyage of the Mayflower/五月花号航行
The voyage of the Mayflower is a famous event in both British and American history.
五月花号的航行是英国和美国历史上的著名事件。
In 1620, a ship called the Mayflower set sail from the U.K. to establish the first permanent British colony in America.
1620 年，一艘名为“五月花号”的船从英国启航，在美国建立了第一个永久的英国殖民地。
On board were over 100 passengers and about 50 crew.
船上有 100 多名乘客和大约 50 名机组人员。
The passengers were divided into 2 groups.
乘客被分为 2 组。
One group was members of a strict religious group called the ‘Puritans’.
一个团体是一个被称为“清教徒”的严格宗教团体的成员。
The Puritans came from the U.K. and Holland and they were very unpopular with both the authorities and the general public.
清教徒来自英国和荷兰，他们在当局和公众中都非常不受欢迎。
Members of the other group were tradesmen and their families who were looking for a new and better life in America.
另一组成员是熟练劳动及其家人，他们在美国寻找新的、更好的生活。
The living conditions on the Mayflower were very poor.
五月花号上的生活条件非常恶劣。
More than 150 people were crammed onto a ship that was less than 100m long and 24m wide.
超过 150 人挤在一艘长不到 100 米、宽24 米的船上。
In fact, the ship had been design for U.K. coastal journeys rather than crossing an ocean.
事实上，这艘船是为英国沿海旅行而设计的，而不是穿越海洋。
The Mayflower set off on its journey from Plymouth in England on 16th September 1620.
五月花号于 1620 年 9 月16 号从英格兰的普利茅斯出发。
It took 2 months to cross the Atlantic.
横渡大西洋花了 2 个月的时间。
The sea was very stormy which made many of the passengers sick.
海面暴风雨很大，导致许多乘客生病。
One of passengers was even sweep overboard during a storm.
其中一名乘客甚至在暴风雨中被卷入海中。
The Mayflower arrived in Cape Cod in Massachusetts on 19th November 1620.
五月花号于 1620 年11 月19 号抵达马萨诸塞州的鳕鱼角。
The Mayflower expedition was not the first attempt by the British to set up a colony in the United States.
五月花号远征并不是英国人第一次尝试在美国建立殖民地。
In 1607, English settlers attempted to set up a colony in the state of Virginia.
1607 年，英国定居者试图在弗吉尼亚州建立殖民地。
However, these settlers were unprepared for the severity of the winters on the East Coast of America.
然而，这些定居者对美国东海岸严冬毫无准备。
All the settlers died from cold and starvation.
所有定居者都死于寒冷和饥饿。
Likewise, the Mayflower passengers also found that they were ill-prepared.
同样，五月花号的乘客也发现他们准备不足。
Half the passengers and crew died from the cold, lack of food, and disease.
一半的乘客和机组人员死于寒冷、食物缺乏和疾病。
Previous settlers had brought diseases to America which were unknown to the native American Indians.
以前的定居者将美洲原住民印第安人不知道的疾病带到了美洲。
Many American Indians died from these imported diseases and so the Indians were often hostile towards settlers.
许多美洲印第安人死于这些输入的疾病，因此印第安人经常对定居者怀有敌意。
However one local Indian chief offered a truce to the settlers because he wanted their help in defeating a rival tribe.
然而，一位当地的印第安酋长向定居者休战，因为他希望他们帮助击败敌对部落。
This Indian chief amazed the settlers because he could speak English.
这位印第安酋长让定居者感到惊讶，因为他会说英语。
He showed the settlers how to grow corn and survive in this unfamiliar environment.
他向定居者展示了如何种植玉米并在这种陌生的环境中生存。
After the first successful harvest, the settlers invited the whole tribe to a feast.
在第一次丰收后，定居者邀请整个部落参加盛宴。
This feast was later called ‘Thanksgiving’ and the event is celebrated each year in America on the fourth Thursday in November.
这个节日后来被称为“感恩节”，在美国，每年11 月的第四个星期四都会庆祝这一节日。
Unfortunately, the good relations between the local Indians and the settlers did not last long.
不幸的是，当地印第安人和定居者之间的良好关系并没有持续很长时间。
Disputes and violence increased between the Indians and settlers which eventually led to the local Indians almost being wiped out.
印第安人和定居者之间的争端和暴力加剧，最终导致当地印第安人几乎被消灭。
The voyage of the Mayflower is celebrated in both the U.K. and America as it represents the start of the creation of the modern America.
五月花号的航行在英国和美国都受到庆祝，因为它代表了现代美国创造的开始。