Swein Forkbeard / 斯温·弗克比尔德
England’s shortest reigning monarch was Swein Forkbeard. Not only was he a king of England but also a king of Denmark and Norway.
英格兰在位时间最短的君主是斯温·福克比尔德。他不仅是英格兰的国王，也是丹麦和挪威的国王。
His father was Harald Bluetooth, the King of Denmark and his mother was the widow of the King of Sweden. Swein’s father is probably best known for his name being given to the telecommunication protocol ‘Bluetooth’.
他的父亲是丹麦国王哈拉尔·蓝牙，他的母亲是瑞典国王的遗孀。斯温的父亲可能最为人所知的是他的名字被用于通信协定“蓝牙”。
When Swein became an adult he seized the Danish throne from his father. His father fled to France where he died in exile shortly afterwards.
当斯温成年后，他从父亲手中夺取了丹麦王位。他的父亲逃往法国，并在随后不久流亡中去世。
Swein formed an alliance with the king of Sweden and together they attacked Norway. After defeating the King of Sweden at the Battle of Svolder, the victors divided Norway between their families. In so doing he became the King of Norway.
斯温与瑞典国王结盟，共同攻击挪威。在斯沃尔德战役中击败瑞典国王后，胜利者将挪威在各自家族之间分割。他因此成为挪威国王。
After this victory, Swein turned his attention to England and launch numerous attacks against the country. Some say that this was because of a massacre of Danish settlers throughout England in November, 1002, in which Swein’s sister is said to have been killed. However, the most likely reason is that Swein wished to plunder the country. Before these attacked started, Swein already had an agreement in place with Duke Richard II of Normandy allowing the Danes to sell their stolen goods in France.
在这次胜利之后，斯温将注意力转向英格兰，对该国发动了多次攻击。有些人说，这是因为在一零零二年十一月英格兰各地发生了一次对丹麦移民的大屠杀，据称斯温的妹妹在其中被杀。然而，更可能的原因是斯温希望掠夺该国。在这些攻击开始之前，斯温已经与诺曼底的理查二世公爵达成协议，允许丹麦人在法国出售他们掠夺的财物。
Swein invaded the southeast of England in 1003 and 1004 but was forced to return to Denmark, in 1005, because of a famine. A few years later, a Danish warlord staged a series of attacks on England. Swein took advantage of the disruption caused to launch a full-scale invasion. He took English people hostage and made them pay huge amounts of protection money and bow down to him.
斯温在一〇〇三年和一〇〇四年入侵英格兰东南部，但在一〇〇五年因饥荒被迫返回丹麦。几年后，一位丹麦军阀对英格兰发动了一系列袭击。斯温利用这种混乱发动了全面入侵。他扣押了英国人作为人质，并迫使他们支付巨额保护费并向他臣服。
Swein then tried to conquer London but the people living in London put up a stiff resistance. Swein therefore went west and conquered the city of Bath. He subsequently returned to London but this time, the people in London were not able to defend themselves. The King of England, Ethelred, and his two sons fled and went to France to live in exile. Thus, Swein became the new king of England.
之后，斯温试图征服伦敦，但居住在伦敦的人民进行了顽强的抵抗。因此斯温向西进军并征服了巴斯城。随后他返回伦敦，但这一次，伦敦的人民无法自卫。英格兰国王埃塞尔雷德和他的两个儿子逃往法国流亡。因此，斯温成为了英格兰的新国王。
Swein began to incorporate England into his vast empire. However only 5 weeks after his victory, Swein suddenly died February, 1014. Nobody knows for certain how he died. Some say that he was assassinated whereas others say that he died when he fell off his horse.
斯温开始将英格兰纳入他庞大的帝国。然而，在他胜利仅五周后，斯温于一零一四年二月突然去世。没人确切知道他是如何去世的。一些人说他被暗杀，而另一些人则说他是从马背上摔下来而死的。
Swein’s body was embalmed and sent back to Denmark to be buried. Swein’s eldest son, Harald II, was crowned King of Denmark and his youngest son, Cnut, was proclaimed King of England. The English noblemen however took this opportunity to recall Ethelred from exile and together they drove Cnut out of England. Despite this setback, Cnut returned and became the King of England in 1016. Cnut went on to succeed his brother as King of Denmark in 1019 as well as ruling Norway and parts of Sweden.
斯温的遗体经过防腐处理后被送回丹麦安葬。斯温的长子哈拉尔二世被加冕为丹麦国王，最小的儿子克努特被宣布为英格兰国王。然而，英格兰的贵族们借此机会将埃塞尔雷德从流亡中召回，并共同将克努特赶出了英格兰。尽管遭遇挫折，克努特于一零一六年回到英格兰并成为英格兰国王。随后，克努特在一零一九年继承兄长成为丹麦国王，同时统治挪威和瑞典的部分地区。