Oliver Cromwell / 奥利弗·克伦威尔
Oliver Cromwell was a member of the English Parliament.
奥利弗·克伦威尔是英格兰议会的成员。
He was a leader of the Parliament’s army when it went to war with King Charles I in the English Civil Wars (1642 – 1651).
在英国内战（1642 年至1651 年）中，他是议会军队与查理一世国王交战时的一位领导人。
These wars would decide if Parliament or the King controlled England.
这些战争将决定议会还是国王控制英格兰。
Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan, who were a group of strict Protestants.
奥利弗·克伦威尔是一名清教徒，他们是一群严格的新教徒。
They wore black and thought that people should spend a lot of time praying and studying the Bible.
他们穿着黑色衣服，认为人们应该花很多时间祈祷和学习圣经。
They banned such activities as going to the theatre and celebrating Christmas.
他们禁止去剧院和庆祝圣诞节等活动。
The king, Charles I was arrested at the end of the first civil war.
第一次内战结束时，国王查理一世被捕。
Some people in Parliament wanted him to remain as king but with significantly reduced powers.
议会中的一些人希望他继续担任国王，但权力将大幅削弱。
Theses people were thrown out of Parliament and thus England was controlled by 59 of Oliver Cromwell’s supporters.
这些人被开出议会，因此英格兰被奥利弗·克伦威尔的59 名支持者控制。
Oliver Cromwell and his supporters then executed King Charles I.
奥利弗·克伦威尔及其支持者随后处决了查理一世国王。
Parliament then offered the role of king to Oliver Cromwell but he refused.
议会随后邀请奥利弗·克伦威尔担任国王，但他拒绝了。
Instead he appointed himself Lord Protector and gave himself many of the powers of the executed king.
相反，他任命自己为护国公，并赋予自己许多被处决的国王的权力。
However, many people in England, Scotland and Ireland were violently opposed to Oliver Cromwell and were particularly angry with the execution of King Charles I.
然而，英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的许多人强烈反对奥利弗·克伦威尔，并对查理一世国王的处决感到特别愤怒。
They claimed that Charles I’s son, Charles II was the true and rightfully king of England.
他们声称查理一世的儿子查理二世才是英格兰真正的合法国王。
This led to many uprisings within Great Britain.
这导致英国国内发生多起起义。
Oliver Cromwell’s response was to brutally attack these Royalist supporters and many soldiers and civilians died during these battles.
奥利弗·克伦威尔的回应是残酷地攻击这些保皇党支持者，许多军人和平民在这些战斗中丧生。
Charles II managed to raise an army and attacked England.
查理二世设法组建了一支军队并攻打英格兰。
There were many battles between the Royalist army and Oliver Cromwell’s army but at the Battle of Worcester in 1651, Charles II was finally defeated and he fled to the Netherlands.
保皇党军队与奥利弗·克伦威尔的军队之间进行了多次战斗，但在 1651 年的伍斯特战役中，查理二世最终被击败并逃往荷兰。
Oliver Cromwell continued to rule England until his death in 1658.
奥利弗·克伦威尔继续统治英格兰，直到 1658 年去世。
He was replaced by his son, Richard Cromwell as ‘Lord Protector’.
他的儿子理查德·克伦威尔取代他成为“护国公”。
However, people had little confidence in Richard Cromwell’s abilities and fearing a mutiny from the army, Richard decided to resign.
然而，人们对理查德·克伦威尔的能力缺乏信心，由于担心军队叛变，理查德决定辞职。
Parliament thus decided to invite Charles II back from the Netherlands and to become the English king.
因此议会决定邀请查理二世从荷兰回来并成为英国国王。
Once crowned, he immediately reversed many of the Puritan laws that Oliver Cromwell had put in place.
加冕后，他立即废除了奥利弗·克伦威尔制定的许多清教徒法律。
As a consequence, England saw an explosion of new scientific ideas and works of art, particularly in theatre and architecture.
结果，英国出现了大量新的科学思想和艺术作品，特别是在戏剧和建筑领域。
Three years after Charles II’s coronation, King Charles II and a new Parliament had Oliver Cromwell’s body exhumed from Westminster Abbey.
查理二世加冕三年后，查理二世国王和新议会将奥利弗·克伦威尔的遗体从威斯敏斯特教堂挖出。
On the 12thanniversary of the execution of Charles I, Oliver Cromwell was posthumously ‘executed’.
在查理一世被处决12周年之际，奥利弗·克伦威尔被死后“死刑”。
Although Cromwell was already dead, his body was hung, his head cut off then stuck on the end of a pole, and displayed inside the Houses of Parliament.
虽然克伦威尔已经死了，但是他的尸体被吊死，头被砍下，插在杆子末端，在议会大厦内表现。
Despite Oliver Cromwell’s infamy, a statue of Cromwell was erected outside Parliament in 1899.
尽管奥利弗·克伦威尔声名狼藉，但 1899 年议会外还是竖立了一座克伦威尔雕像。