Henry III / 亨利三世
Henry III was born on 1st October 1207.
亨利三世出生于1207年10月1日。
Henry became the king of England at the age of 9.
亨利在9岁时成为英格兰国王。
In addition, he also inherited Scotland, Wales and parts of France.
此外，他还继承了苏格兰、威尔士和法国的部分地区。
At that time, England was a country in turmoil.
当时，英格兰是一个动荡的国家。
His father, King John, had refused to comply with the terms of an agreement which defines the powers of the monarchy and the rights of the people.
他的父亲约翰国王拒绝遵守一项确定君主权力和人民权利的协议条款。
This document is more commonly known as the Magna Carta.
这份文件更常被称为《大宪章》。
This refusal resulted in civil unrest and a war between barons who supported King John and barons who opposed King John.
这一拒绝导致了民众骚乱，以及支持约翰国王的男爵与反对约翰国王的男爵之间的战争。
At the age of 9, Henry was not able to rule the country so a council of 13 advisors was established to rule in his place.
在9岁时，亨利无法统治国家，因此成立了一个由13名顾问组成的委员会代他治理国家。
Henry, himself, was placed under the care of England most famous knights called William Marshall.
亨利本人被交给英格兰最著名的骑士威廉·马歇尔的照照看。
William Marshall, on behalf of Henry, fought the rebel barons and finally defeated them at the Battle of Lincoln.
威廉·马歇尔代表亨利与叛乱的男爵作战，并最终在林肯之战中击败了他们。
Henry’s soldiers looted the city and tried to catch the rebel barons and their French soldiers as they fled back to France.
亨利的士兵掠夺了这座城市，并试图在叛乱男爵及其法国士兵逃回法国时抓住他们。
Peace between Henry and the rebels was sealed when a revised version of the agreement signed by his father was published.
当亨利和叛军之间的和平通过发布他父亲签署的协议的修订版本得到确认时。
Henry then turned his attention to the land in France that his family had lost over the years.
亨利随后将注意力转向了家族多年来在法国失去的土地。
However, Henry’s military campaign in France led to little success.
然而，亨利在法国的军事行动几乎没有取得成功。
Back in England, he had more trouble with the barons who were fighting amongst themselves.
回到英格兰后，他与彼此争斗的男爵们发生了更多麻烦。
The led Henry to rule his kingdom personally rather than through ministers and advisors.
这促使亨利亲自统治他的王国，而不是通过大臣和顾问。
Henry’s piety encouraged his to rebuild Westminster Abbey in London, despite England being low on funds, and caused him to take a severe action against prosperous jews living in England.
亨利的虔诚促使他重建伦敦的西敏寺，尽管英格兰资金紧张，并导致他对居住在英格兰的富裕犹太人采取严厉措施。
However, his poor decision-making led to failure to his campaign in France and a new war between the barons in England.
然而，他糟糕的决策导致他在法国的战役失败，并在英格兰引发了新一轮贵族之间的战争。
Henry and his son, Edward, were captured and were almost forced to handover sovereignty to one of the barons.
亨利和他的儿子爱德华被捕，几乎被迫将主权交给其中一位男爵。
Fortunately, his son managed to escape, defeat the rebel barons and free his father.
幸运的是，他的儿子设法逃脱，击败叛乱的男爵们并解救了他的父亲。
Although Henry was keen to extract revenge on the barons, he was advised that he needed the barons’ support.
尽管亨利热衷于向男爵们复仇，但有人建议他需要男爵们的支持。
Henry then spent the rest of his life negotiating with the barons and withstanding direct challenges to his power.
亨利随后度过了余生，与诸侯谈判并抵御对他权力的直接挑战。
On the 16thNovember 1272, Henry III finally died, leaving England in the same state of turmoil as when he was born.
1272年11月16日，亨利三世终于去世，留下了与他出生时同样动荡的英格兰。